Geometrical Optics

PIRA	DEMO NAME	DESCRIPTION
6A01.11	Speed of light laser disk {C19}
6A10.10	Blackboard optics -- plane mirror
6A10.15	Laser & plane mirror	The incidence of light such as a thin beam of light from a laser is reflected off the plane mirror at an angle identical from the normal of the mirror. The equal angles of incidence and reflection in relation to the normal of the mirror follow the law of reflection.
6A10.16	Refraction tank, laser & mirror
6A10.17	Angle of incidence apparatus	The apparatus consists of a laser holder, mirror and a beam expander. The laser beam is expanded so the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection can be seen directly when the beam is reflected off the mirror. A degree scale is marked on the apparatus so the two angles can be compared.
6A10.18	Plane mirror
6A10.30	Corner cube	Two mirrors at 90 degrees or three mirrors mutually perpendicular.
6A10.41	Corner mirror	Place a light between two mirrors hinged together and standing vertically. Place a sheet of clear glass between the mirrors forming as isosceles triangle. There are other variations.
6A10.50	Full view mirror
6A20.05	Parabolic reflectors
6A20.10	Blackboard optics - curved mirrors
6A20.15	Parallel lasers & curved mirrors	When parallel lasers are incident on a concave spherical mirror the reflected rays come to focus at a point called the focal point in front of the mirror. This occurs only if the mirrors width is small compared to its radius of curvature.
6A20.21	Spherical Mirror
6A20.36	Disappearing Light Bulb	A light bulb socket is mounted upside down inside a box. Outside the box, directly above the socket, another light bulb socket is mounted. Only the socket inside the box has a bulb and power connected to it. By using a concave mirror, the bulb inside the box appears to be outside the box when the bulb is lit. When the power is turned off the bulb seems to disappear.
6A20.41	Reflected filament with concave mirror	A converging mirror is used to project the image of a light bulb filament onto a screen. Masks can be used to stop down the mirror.
6A20.42	Reflected object with a concave mirror
6A20.46	Concave mirror	This type of mirror is called concave if the reflecting surface is on the inner surface of the sphere so that the center part of the mirror bulges out from the viewer, like a cave.
6A20.47	Convex mirror
6A20.48	Inverted image / concave mirror
6A30.10	Newton's rings
6A35.50	Birefringent crystal
6A40.30	Cheshire cat
6A42.10	Blackboard optics -- refraction	Blackboard optics with a single beam and a large rectangle and prism of plexiglass.
6A42.20	Refraction tank { flat surfaces }	Rotate a beam of light in a tank of water containing some fluorescein.
6A42.36	Ripple tank refraction laser disk {C62}
6A42.45	Meter stick in water	A stick appears bent when inserted into water at an angle.
6A42.48	Brewster's angle apparatus
6A42.49	Brewster's angle overhead
6A44.20	Total internal reflection { refraction tank }	A beam in a tank of water is rotated until there is total internal reflection at the surface.
6A44.40	Laser & fiber optics	A laser is used with a bundle of fiber optics, a curled plexiglass rod, and a 1" square lean rod. As light passes through, the laser light is seen at the other end of the plexiglass rod.
6A44.43	Penlight & Karo syrup { total internal reflection }	The penlight bounces around the thick walls of Karo syrup due to total internal reflection.
6A44.44	Fiber optics tree
6A60.10	Blackboard optics -- thin lens	Thin lenses form images of objects whether they are in the concave, convex, or plane. Parallel rays that are incident on a thin lens will be focused to the focal point on the other side of the lens. The thin lens is very thin compared to its diameter.
6A60.20	Parallel lasers & lenses	Parallel lasers are used with chalk dust to show the path of light rays through a lens and combinations of lenses.
6A60.30	Projected filament with a lens	A large simple lens can focus the filament of an aircraft landing light onto the wall.
6A60.32	Projected image with a lens	Try to project an image with a thin concave lens.
6A60.33	Broken Lens	The broken lens can be used to show a whole image of an object even though there is only one-half of a lens. The image is complete and less intense than a full lens of the same size and focal length.
6A61.20	Pinhole camera	Project a lamp filament onto a screen. Vary the size of the pinhole and the distance of the screen.
6A65.10	Large lens
6A65.40	Spherical aberration model	A flat piece of plastic that has been made into a large convex type lens by cutting grooves in the surface. The sample is from an overhead projector.
6A65.70	Fresnel lens
6A70.10	Microscope model	An optics bench can be set up with lenses in order to act as a microscope. The image can be focused and shown on TV using the camera.
6A70.20	Telescope model	An optics bench can be set up with lenses in order to act as a telescope. The image can be focused and shown on TV using the camera.